Lawinen-Bewusstsein

Avalanche Awareness

Understand the Terrain and Avalanche Problems to Act Correctly!

When it comes to avalanches, two factors never change: the terrain and the slope steepness concerning avalanche risk. Understanding and recognizing the terrain and its steepness provides a significant advantage—especially when heading into the backcountry or unsecured ski areas.

Be aware that in 90% of avalanche accidents, the victims themselves are responsible!

Steepness – The Key Factor?

One of the most important factors in assessing whether a slab avalanche will release is the steepness of the terrain. Avalanches are particularly common on slopes with an inclination between 35 and 40 degrees. Coincidentally, this is also the most enjoyable steepness for most skiers.

Continuously test yourself and check whether you can accurately estimate the steepness!




What Does It Take for a Slab Avalanche?

Unfavorable Snowpack Structure: A cohesive snow slab must rest on a weak layer.



Steepness: The slope where an avalanche can release must be at least 30 degrees steep. Below this, avalanches are very rare. The steeper the slope, the more likely a release. As soon as you need to make a kick turn, you are in the 30-degree range!

Trigger Factor: A force is needed to trigger the snow slab and the weak layer beneath it, e.g., a skier descending the slope. 90% of avalanches are triggered by the first skier!

Propagation: A good combination of the snow slab and weak layer is crucial. It must be evenly distributed so the slab can release.

If the avalanche risk is too high, terrain is the solution!


When assessing avalanche risk, don't just focus on snowpack and steepness—consider terrain features and potential terrain traps. These characteristics can significantly increase the risk of an avalanche accident and determine how deeply you might be buried.

Examples: gullies, depressions, crevasses, and stream beds. These features can cause snow to accumulate in large quantities, leading to deeper deposits where an avalanche may release.

Trees are also a hazard if an avalanche pushes you against them.

Yes, avalanches can occur even in forests! A forest only protects you from avalanches if it is so dense that skiing is nearly impossible.



Your Role in the Terrain

Avoid Avalanche Terrain: Continuously assess risk for yourself and your group.
  • Maintain Distances:
    - While ascending in kick-turn terrain: 10m distance.
    - When descending a 30-degree slope: 50m distance.
    - Everything steeper than 30 degrees: ski one by one!
  • This prevents an entire group from being buried in an avalanche. In case of an avalanche, fewer people will be affected.

    • Choose Safe Gathering Points: They should be protected from avalanches and falls.
    • Ask Questions:
      - What happens if an avalanche releases on this slope?
      - Do I have a safe exit, or will I be swept over a cliff?
      - Is our group prepared, and does everyone have proper emergency equipment (beacon, probe, shovel) and know how to use it?
      - Does my plan match the real conditions on-site?
      - Am I endangering others, e.g., in ski areas where a ski slope is below my descent?
    Trust your instincts! Often, it's better to turn back than take a risky turn. Remember: We are only guests in the mountains!

    Tips and insights from mountain guide David

    Winter always has a special appeal. Over the years, I’ve realized how complex and important avalanche safety is. That’s why I continue to educate myself and share my knowledge in courses.

    This blog is not a comprehensive avalanche guide. It aims to raise awareness, encourage education, and sharpen your senses for avalanche risks.
    I wish you all a safe winter with lots of snow and beautiful days in the mountains!


    Best regards from Schnalstal
    Mountain Guide David Spath